On this page
On this page you will find information aimed at providing you with tools and tips related to citing.
Writing requires using specific guidelines and standards. Health science professions will use some of the associated citation styles and formatting that you see in publications. Two key ones are AMA for American Medical Association and APA for American Psychological Association. The Health Informatics program assigns APA for your capstone papers.
Organizing your citations is necessary for referencing your sources properly in your papers. Citation/reference management tools can make that much easier. EndNote is recommended for health informatics students but Zotero is fine too. Information on getting started with EndNote and Zotero is on a separate page.
Citing overview
Since you will read articles and other publications that use a variety of citation styles, it can be confusing at times. Remember, once you know which style you need to use, stick to that format for consistency.
The tutorial offers more detail and practice.
- Citing in the Health Sciences [H5P module]
A tutorial on citation styles commonly used in health sciences fields by Lauri Fennell.
Choose APA or AMA to review each style.
Reference list examples:
Journal article in APA:
MA, C. (2021). Misinformation and public opinion of science and health: Approaches, findings, and future directions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 118(15). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1912437117
Same journal article in AMA:
1. MA C. Misinformation and public opinion of science and health: Approaches, findings, and future directions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 04/13/2021 2021;118(15)doi:10.1073/pnas.1912437117
APA Style Help
General information on citations in APA format
- Basic Principles of CitationAPA Style uses the author–date citation system
- Elements of Reference ListReference list entries include the four elements of the author, date, title, and source.
- Journal Article Reference ChecklistHandout containing a series of items to review for APA citation accuracy.
Some specific citing components
- Format of Group Author Names (APA Style site)explains which level of organization to use (this is a change from the 6th edition)
- In-Text citation formattingThere are a few rules for how many authors and where to include the date.
- Citing specific parts of a sourceHow do you cite a table or image from an article? What about chapters, or other sections of a publication? [Images in articles are generally labeled as figures.]
- Stock Images or Clip Art citingThere are special requirements for using clip art and stock images in APA Style papers.
Common sources for stock images and clip art are iStock, Getty Images, Adobe Stock, Shutterstock, Pixabay, and Flickr. Common sources for clip art are Microsoft Word and Microsoft PowerPoint.
Web pages, website content
Reports (grey literature)
- Report by a Gov't Agency References (APA Style site)example of a National Cancer Institute report.
- Fact Sheet References (APA Style site)Fact sheets, simple overviews-often single page document
- YouTubeThe key is to include [Video] after the title and before YouTube as the publication
Supporting Books
PRINT ONLY
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association by Call Number: Print only-reserve copiesISBN: 9781433832161Publication Date: 2019short term borrow from the information/circulation desk
A Short Guide to Academic Writing by Call Number: printISBN: 9780761825036Publication Date: 2003A Short Guide to Academic Writing de-mystifies the process of writing and describes everything that is needed to write in an academic and professional style.
Ebook
The Handbook of Scholarly Writing and Publishing by Call Number: EbookISBN: 9780470393352Publication Date: 2011
