Style Guides
Frequently Used Style Guides
-
APA (American Psychological Association)
- Purdue Online Writing Lab guide
- Publication manual of the American Psychological Association: the official guide to APA style (print; ask at the Snell Library Help & Information Desk or the F.W. Olin Library Reference Desk)
- APA Style Blog
-
MLA (Modern Language Association)
- Purdue Online Writing Lab guide
- MLA handbook plus (online) (for a print copy, ask at the Snell Library Help & Information Desk or the F.W. Olin Library Reference Desk)
-
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
- IEEE Reference Guide (PDF)
- IEEE Editorial Style Manual for Authors (PDF)
- The IEEE guide to writing in the engineering and technical fields (e-book; NU login required)
- Purdue Online Writing Lab guide
-
Harvard
- Harvard Format Citation Guide from Mendeley
- Note: there is no "official" version of the Harvard citation style. Harvard University does not use this style, nor does it offer guidance on its use. Institutions that use "Harvard" style often have institution-specific requirements. Students at NCH London are directed to use the instructions on the Mendeley webpage linked above. For more guidance, please refer back to your assignment or your instructor.
- Harvard Format Citation Guide from Mendeley
-
AMA (American Medical Association)
- AMA Manual of Style (electronic resource; NU login required)
- Purdue Online Writing Lab guide
-
Chicago
- The Chicago manual of style (e-book; NU login required)
- Purdue Online Writing Lab guide
-
ASA (American Sociological Association)
- Purdue Online Writing Lab guide
- American Sociological Association style guide (print; ask at the Help & Information desk or the F.W. Olin Library Reference Desk)
-
Turabian
- Turabian: a manual for writers (e-book; NU login required)
Citing AI-generated content
A variety of guidelines are emerging on how to cite or credit the parts of your work generated by artificial intelligence and large language model tools.
Northeastern offers an Insider's Guide for students (PDF) and an Overview and guide for instructors (PDF) on the responsible use of AI at the University.
Practices and standards for citing and crediting the contribution of AI in your work vary between style guides, so always consult your instructor, advisor, or editor to be sure of expectations for your academic work and research.
- AMA: Acknowledgement of the use of Artificial Intelligence and Language Models
Guidance from the American Medical Associaton
- APA: How to cite ChatGPT
From the American Psychological Association style blog
- Chicago: How do you recommend citing content generated by AI?
From the Chicago Manual of Style
- MLA: How do I cite generative AI in MLA Style?
From the Modern Language Association Style website.
Citation Management Software
Learn how a citation management tool can make your research life easier.
What is a citation manager?
A citation manager is a piece of software that helps you collect and organize your research and create bibliographies and in-text citations. Citation managers generally offer a range of citation styles and features to choose from.
Which citation managers does the library support?
The Northeastern library supports EndNote, Mendeley, RefWorks and Zotero. We also support the use of BibTeX and LaTeX.
Which citation manager should I use?
While citation managers generally have the same basic functions, each one offers some specific features.
Our citation manager comparison chart (below) can help you identify the features that will work best for you. See also our tutorial on choosing a citation manager.
- Comparison chart for citation management softwareCompares EndNote 20, RefWorks, Zotero, and Mendeley Desktop.
Workshops and recordings
For detailed webinar descriptions, please see the library calendar. Registration is required. Once registered, you will receive the webinar link via email one hour before the session begins. All times below are listed in Eastern Time.
The spring citation management webinars will not be recorded. Can't make it to a live webinar session? Check out the previously recorded webinars.