Government and other Health Related Sites

Government agencies or other layered organizations can be confusing. When numerous layers of government agencies are listed as the author of a work, use the most specific agency as the author in the reference.

Citing CDC follows the NCHS guidelines

  • With Author names:

Cullen, K. A., Ambrose, B. K., Gentzke, A. S., Apelberg, B. J., Jamal, A., & King, B. A. (2018). Notes from the field: Use of electronic cigarettes and any tobacco product among middle and high school students — United States, 2011–2018. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 67(45), 1276–1277. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6745a5

  • No author names, organization instead:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (1999). Control of infectious diseases. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 48(29), 621–629. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10458535

MMWR is a publication series, once published in print.

NIMH:

One tip: Dates may include a year only; a month and year; or a day, month, and year.

  • For publications, if the date is not shown on the work, it is found in the first two digits of the publication or identifier number (for instance, if the publication number is 22-MH-8090, the publication date is 2022).
  • For webpages, if there is a date, it will be found in the “Last Reviewed” date at the bottom of the page.

HHS.gov, SurgeonGeneral.gov, HealthCare.gov or Flu.gov webpages follow the basic guidelines of date, page title and URL.