Getting Started
Many students have expressed interest in researching topics related to disparities in STEM professions. This page was designed to help students navigate the research resources available on this topic.
On this guide, there are four sections, each with a selection of resources that are intended to offer you an insight into some research in this topic area, and should be considered a starting point for your own research: Articles & Web Resources, Books, Podcasts, and National Professional Organizations.
Articles & Web Resources
- Racism: Overcoming Science's Toxic Legacy (Opens in new window)A special issue from Nature, published in October 2022.
- 10 simple rules for building an antiracist labAn article written by Dr. V. Bala Chaudhary and Dr. Asmeret Asefaw Berhe published in PLoS Computational Biology in October 2020.
- A Progressive's Style GuideThis resource was created by Hanna Thomas and Anna Hirsch in 2016 and covers language in areas such as age, disability, environment and science, health, and more.
- 1000 Inspiring Black Scientists in AmericaA list published in Cell Mentor in December 2020. Two previous lists of 100 Inspiring Black Scientists in America were published by Dr. Antentor O. Hinton Jr. in Cell Mentor in February 2020 and June 2020.
- This is what a scientist looks likeProfiles on 12 scientists from Harvard who were a part of a project called I am a Scientist. The I am a Scientist project aims to bring the stories and science of real world researchers to classrooms. There is a resources page with toolkits, downloadable materials, and more.
- 500 Queer ScientistsA visibility campaign for LGBTQ+ people and their allies working in STEM and STEM-supporting jobs. Working to ensure the next STEM generation has LGBTQ+ role models; help the current generation recognize they’re not alone; create opportunities for community connections and greater visibility within STEM. Their stories are searchable.
- Racial Equity Resources: How to Start the Conversation in your Community from Living Room ConversationsA series of resources to help facilitate conversations about race. The page includes conversation guides, educational resources, and recommended readings.
- Racism in Medicine and HealthcareA guide to anti-racist resources at UNLV and beyond to promote racial and ethnic equity in medicine and healthcare
- Helping Black Chemists Blossom (Opens in new window)In this issue (volume 98, issue 34) of Chemical and Engineering News (C&EN), the cover story and three other articles cover supporting Black chemists.
- 500 Women ScientistsThe mission of 500 Women Scientists is to serve society by making science open, inclusive, and accessible and transform society by fighting racism, patriarchy, and oppressive societal norms. Gage is a resource for journalists, educators, policy makers and others seeking the expertise of women and gender minorities STEMM professionals.
- Through The Window And Into The Mirror: Narratives Of African American STEM ProfessionalsThrough the Window and into the Mirror is a video conversation series about the experiences of African American STEM professionals today. Students will peer into the ‘windows’ of the speakers’ lives, learn from their lived experiences as STEM professionals, and find parts of their culture and lifestyle ‘mirrored’ in the speakers’ lessons of their youth and greatest challenges and accomplishments. Through the Window and into the Mirror aims to inform, inspire, and be a starting point for students as they take steps towards having careers in STEM.
- The Matthew Matilda Effect in ScienceArticle illustrating historical and contemporary examples of women scientists who have been ignored or denied credit, in which the term 'The Matilda Effect' was coined to describe this trend. Named for the Matilda Joslyn Gage, "who in the late nineteenth century both experienced and articulated this phenomenon".
Books
Creating a Culture of Accessibility in the Sciences by
Creating a Culture of Accessibility in the Sciences provides insights and advice on integrating students with disabilities into the STEM fields. Each chapter features research and best practices that are interwoven with experiential narratives. The book is reflective of the diversity of STEM disciplines (life and physical sciences, engineering, and mathematics), and is also reflective of cross-disability perspectives (physical, sensory, learning, mental health, chronic medical and developmental disabilities). It is a useful resource for STEM faculty and university administrators working with students with disabilities, as well as STEM industry professionals interested in accommodating employees with disabilities. Offers a global perspective on making research or work spaces accessible for students with disabilities in the STEM fields Discusses best practices on accommodating and supporting students and demonstrates how these practices can be translated across disciplines Enhances faculty knowledge of inclusive teaching practices, adaptive equipment, accessibility features, and accommodations in science laboratories, which would enable the safe participation of students with disabilities Provides advice for students with disabilities on disclosure and mentoring
ISBN: 9780128040867Publication Date: 2016
Weapons of Math Destruction by
Longlisted for the National Book Award | New York Times Bestseller A former Wall Street quant sounds an alarm on the mathematical models that pervade modern life and threaten to rip apart our social fabric. We live in the age of the algorithm. Increasingly, the decisions that affect our lives--where we go to school, whether we get a car loan, how much we pay for health insurance--are being made not by humans, but by mathematical models. In theory, this should lead to greater fairness: Everyone is judged according to the same rules, and bias is eliminated. But as Cathy O'Neil reveals in this urgent and necessary book, the opposite is true. The models being used today are opaque, unregulated, and uncontestable, even when they're wrong. Most troubling, they reinforce discrimination: If a poor student can't get a loan because a lending model deems him too risky (by virtue of his zip code), he's then cut off from the kind of education that could pull him out of poverty, and a vicious spiral ensues. Models are propping up the lucky and punishing the downtrodden, creating a "toxic cocktail for democracy." Welcome to the dark side of Big Data. Tracing the arc of a person's life, O'Neil exposes the black box models that shape our future, both as individuals and as a society. These "weapons of math destruction" score teachers and students, sort résumés, grant (or deny) loans, evaluate workers, target voters, set parole, and monitor our health. O'Neil calls on modelers to take more responsibility for their algorithms and on policy makers to regulate their use. But in the end, it's up to us to become more savvy about the models that govern our lives. This important book empowers us to ask the tough questions, uncover the truth, and demand change.
ISBN: 9780553418811Publication Date: 2016
The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks by
Her name was Henrietta Lacks, but scientists know her as HeLa. She was a poor Southern tobacco farmer who worked the same land as her slave ancestors, yet her cells--taken without her knowledge--became one of the most important tools in medicine: The first "immortal" human cells grown in culture, which are still alive today, though she has been dead for more than sixty years. HeLa cells were vital for developing the polio vaccine; uncovered secrets of cancer, viruses, and the atom bomb's effects; helped lead to important advances like in vitro fertilization, cloning, and gene mapping; and have been bought and sold by the billions. Yet Henrietta Lacks remains virtually unknown, buried in an unmarked grave. Henrietta's family did not learn of her "immortality" until more than twenty years after her death, when scientists investigating HeLa began using her husband and children in research without informed consent. And though the cells had launched a multimillion-dollar industry that sells human biological materials, her family never saw any of the profits. As Rebecca Skloot so brilliantly shows, the story of the Lacks family--past and present--is inextricably connected to the dark history of experimentation on African Americans, the birth of bioethics, and the legal battles over whether we control the stuff we are made of. Over the decade it took to uncover this story, Rebecca became enmeshed in the lives of the Lacks family--especially Henrietta's daughter Deborah. Deborah was consumed with questions: Had scientists cloned her mother? Had they killed her to harvest her cells? And if her mother was so important to medicine, why couldn't her children afford health insurance? Intimate in feeling, astonishing in scope, and impossible to put down The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks captures the beauty and drama of scientific discovery, as well as its human consequences.
ISBN: 9781400052172Publication Date: 2010
Algorithms of Oppression by
A revealing look at how negative biases against women of color are embedded in search engine results and algorithms Run a Google search for "black girls"--what will you find? "Big Booty" and other sexually explicit terms are likely to come up as top search terms. But, if you type in "white girls," the results are radically different. The suggested porn sites and un-moderated discussions about "why black women are so sassy" or "why black women are so angry" presents a disturbing portrait of black womanhood in modern society. In Algorithms of Oppression, Safiya Umoja Noble challenges the idea that search engines like Google offer an equal playing field for all forms of ideas, identities, and activities. Data discrimination is a real social problem; Noble argues that the combination of private interests in promoting certain sites, along with the monopoly status of a relatively small number of Internet search engines, leads to a biased set of search algorithms that privilege whiteness and discriminate against people of color, specifically women of color. Through an analysis of textual and media searches as well as extensive research on paid online advertising, Noble exposes a culture of racism and sexism in the way discoverability is created online. As search engines and their related companies grow in importance--operating as a source for email, a major vehicle for primary and secondary school learning, and beyond--understanding and reversing these disquieting trends and discriminatory practices is of utmost importance. An original, surprising and, at times, disturbing account of bias on the internet, Algorithms of Oppression contributes to our understanding of how racism is created, maintained, and disseminated in the 21st century.
ISBN: 9781479849949Publication Date: 2018
Engineering Justice by
Shows how the engineering curriculum can be a site for rendering social justice visible in engineering, for exploring complex socio-technical interplays inherent in engineering practice, and for enhancing teaching and learning Using social justice as a catalyst for curricular transformation, Engineering Justice presents an examination of how politics, culture, and other social issues are inherent in the practice of engineering. It aims to align engineering curricula with socially just outcomes, increase enrollment among underrepresented groups, and lessen lingering gender, class, and ethnicity gaps by showing how the power of engineering knowledge can be explicitly harnessed to serve the underserved and address social inequalities. This book is meant to transform the way educators think about engineering curricula through creating or transforming existing courses to attract, retain, and motivate engineering students to become professionals who enact engineering for social justice. Engineering Justice offers thought-provoking chapters on: why social justice is inherent yet often invisible in engineering education and practice; engineering design for social justice; social justice in the engineering sciences; social justice in humanities and social science courses for engineers; and transforming engineering education and practice. In addition, this book: Provides a transformative framework for engineering educators in service learning, professional communication, humanitarian engineering, community service, social entrepreneurship, and social responsibility Includes strategies that engineers on the job can use to advocate for social justice issues and explain their importance to employers, clients, and supervisors Discusses diversity in engineering educational contexts and how it affects the way students learn and develop Engineering Justice is an important book for today's professors, administrators, and curriculum specialists who seek to produce the best engineers of today and tomorrow.
ISBN: 9781118757437Publication Date: 2017
Engineering and Social Justice by
This book is aimed at engineering academics worldwide, who are attempting to bring social justice into their work and practice, or who would like to but don't know where to start. This is the first book dedicated specifically to University professionals on Engineering and Social Justice, an emerging and exciting area of research and practice. An international team of multidisciplinary authors share their insights and invite and inspire us to reformulate the way we work. Each chapter is based on research and yet presents the outcomes of scholarly studies in a user oriented style. We look at all three areas of an engineering academic's professional role: research, teaching and community engagement. Some of our team have created classes which help students think through their role as engineering practitioners in society. Others are focusing their research on outcomes that are socially just and for client groups who are marginalized and powerless. Yet others are consciously engaging local community groups and exploring ways in which the University might 'serve' communities at home and globally from a post-development perspective. We are additionally concerned with the student cohort and who has access to engineering studies. We take a broad social and ecological justice perspective to critique existing and explore alternative practices. This book is a handbook for any engineering academic, who wishes to develop engineering graduates as well as technologies and practices that are non-oppressive, equitable and engaged. It is also an essential reader for anyone studying in this interdisciplinary juncture of social science and engineering. Scholars using a critical theoretical lens on engineering practice and education, from Science and Technology Studies, History and Philosophy of Engineering, Engineering and Science Education will find this text invaluable.
ISBN: 9781612491561Publication Date: 2012
Just Medicine by
Over 84,000 black and brown lives are needlessly lost each year due to health disparities, the unfair, unjust, and avoidable differences between the quality and quantity of health care provided to Americans who are members of racial and ethnic minorities and care provided to whites. Health disparities have remained stubbornly entrenched in the American health care system-and inJust Medicine, Dayna Bowen Matthew finds that they principally arise from unconscious racial and ethnic biases held by physicians, institutional providers, and their patients.
ISBN: 9781479896738Publication Date: 2015
Troublesome Science by
Rob DeSalle and Ian Tattersall explain how science has been misused to sustain belief in the biological basis of racial classification. Troublesome Science draws on the tools of taxonomy to show that while the diversity that exists within our species is a real phenomenon, it nevertheless defeats any attempt to recognize discrete units within it.
ISBN: 9780231546300Publication Date: 2018
Successful STEM Mentoring Initiatives for Underrepresented Students by
Successful STEM Mentoring Initiatives for Underrepresented College Studentsis a step-by-step, research-based guide for higher education faculty and administrators who are charged with designing mentoring programs to recruit and retain students from underrepresented groups. Written by an acknowledged expert in the field of STEM mentoring, the book constitutes a virtual consultant that enables readers to diagnose the issues they face, identify priorities, and implement appropriate practices to achieve their goals. The book describes the real and perceived barriers that underrepresented students--to include women, students of color, transfer students, and first-generation college students--encounter when considering enrollment, or participating, in science courses; considers the issues they face at the various transitions in their education, from entering college to declaring a major and moving on to a profession; and sets out the range of mentoring options available to program designers. By posing key questions and using three running case illustrations of common dilemmas, the book walks readers through the process of matching the best design options with the particular needs and resources of their own department or campus. Intentionally brief and to the point, the book is nonetheless a comprehensive guide to the full range mentoring models and best practices, that also covers issues of institutional and departmental climate and teaching methods, and offers insider insights to help designers avoid pitfalls as they create effective, sustainable mentoring initiatives. This guide will assist administrators working on new initiatives to broaden access and improve persistence and graduation in their programs, as well as apply for research grants, by clarifying objectives and identifying the effective evidence-based practices to achieve them. It also provides common conversation-starters for departments to identify obstacles to enrollment and broaden participation.
ISBN: 9781620362983Publication Date: 2015
Promising Practices for Addressing the Underrepresentation of Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine by ISBN: 9780309498241Publication Date: 2020-04-19
Podcasts
- On the Vanguard: Conversations with Women of Color in STEM An online community devoted to encouraging conversations between emerging & established women of color in STEM. #VanguardSTEM is an online network and empowered community of women of color, girls of color and non-binary people of color living at the intersections and thriving on the STEM frontier.
- Dope Lab Podcast, Episode 025 Skin Deep We often encounter a line of thinking that suggests science is always impartial or completely objective. Reader, I have news for you - that is not the case. Our guest expert Angela Saini, is an award-winning science journalist and has been featured in The Sunday Times, Nature, New Scientist, National Geographic and Wired. She is the author of Inferior: How Science Got Women Wrong and Superior: The Return of Race Science.
- Engineering Change Podcast Engineering Change is a podcast designed to help redefine the engineering education experience as we know it by re-imaging who we see as engineers and what we see as engineering, de-siloing academic programs and problem solving, and fine-tuning academic culture and climate using best practices for diversity, equity, and inclusion so people from all backgrounds can succeed. Hosted by engineering educator of color Dr. Yvette E. Pearson.
- Radio Lab Podcast, The Liberation of RNA In June of 2019, Brandon Ogbunu got on stage and told a story for The Story Collider, a podcast and live storytelling show. Starting when he was a senior in college being shook down by a couple cops, Brandon tells us about navigating his ups and downs of a career in science, his startling connection to scientific racism, and his battle against biology's central dogma.
- Science Rules! with Bill Nye: Science is Racist. Here's how to fix it. Dr. Dorothy Roberts explains the long history of racism in science and medicine — and where we go from here.
- Short Wave: Want To Dismantle Racism In Science? Start In The Classroom Some of the most prestigious scientists in history advanced racist and eugenicist views. But why is that rarely mentioned in textbooks? Today on the show, we speak with science educators building an anti-racist perspective into their curriculum and seeking to make the science classroom more inclusive.
- Rad Scientist This season is centered on Black scientists, from graduate students to faculty to those who have left the ivory towers. They study bug microbiomes, autism, neural prosthetics and more. But they will also discuss how racism has impacted their scientific journey. To cap off the season, we will examine the root of inequity in STEM academia and what we can do moving forward to ensure a more diverse and inclusive ecosystem where science can serve everyone.
- Lady Science Podcast Episode 11: Scientific Racism and the Myth of Raw Data In this episode, the hosts talk about the history of the IQ test and how disparities in intelligence have been used as a tool of oppression against people of color. Dr. Safiya Umoja Noble joins in to talk about her book Algorithms of Oppression: How Search Engines Reinforce Racism, which explores how Google and other search engines are engineered to marginalize women of color, particularly black women.
- The Cite Black Women Podcast This bi-weekly podcast features reflections and conversations about the politics and praxis of acknowledging and centering Black women’s ideas and intellectual contributions inside and outside of the academy through citation. Episodes feature conversations with Black women inside and outside of the academy who are actively engaged in radical citation as praxis, quotes and reflections on Black women's writing, and conversations on weathering the storm of citational politics in the academy, decolonizing syllabi and more.
- StereoChemistry, Episode 33: On Being #BlackinChem In the latest episode of Stereo Chemistry, host Kerri Jansen and reporter Ariana Remmel hear from Black chemists from a variety of disciplines across academia and industry about the current state of diversity, equity, and inclusion in the chemical sciences and what non-Black allies can do to support Black chemists.
- Society for the Advancement of Biology Education Research (SABER) Webinar Series A multi-part webinar series run in both 2020 and 2021 focused on promoting awareness, understanding and commitment to change academic biology environments to be more inclusive.
National Professional Organizations
Below are a selection of organizations who create a community of belonging to support students, researchers, and faculty in STEM. This is not a comprehensive list. Find many more organizations.
- ASPIRE: The National Alliance for Inclusive and Diverse STEM Faculty Aspire seeks to develop inclusive and diverse STEM faculty across the nation by aligning and reinforcing professional development, hiring, and retention practices of STEM faculty simultaneously at institutional, regional, and national levels.
- Women of Color Research Network The Women of Color Research Network was created to provide women of color and supporters of their advancement in the biomedical sciences information about the NIH grants process, advice on career development, and a venue or forum for networking and sharing information.
- White Coats for Black LivesA medical student-run organization that aims to foster dialogue on racism as a public health concern and to promote medical students’ involvement in local and national movements to end racism and police brutality. It seeks to end racial discrimination in medical care and prepare future physicians to be advocates for racial justice.
- National Action Council for Minorities in Engineering (NACME)In pursuit of their vision for "an engineering workforce that looks like America", NACME is the largest provider of college scholarships for underrepresented minorities pursuing degrees at schools of engineering.
- Algorithmic Justice LeagueMission is to raise awareness about the impacts of AI, equip advocates with empirical research, build the voice and choice of the most impacted communities, and galvanize researchers, policy makers, and industry practitioners to mitigate AI harms and biases. Building a movement to shift the AI ecosystem towards equitable and accountable AI.
- Particles for Justice Particles for Justice is a group of people and every single member whose name appears on any given document serves an essential role in our work. We conceive of ourselves as a consensus-based, non-hierarchical group. We are diverse in ethno-racial and national background, gender identity, and current career status, and we treat each other respectfully and equally. This organizational structure itself is an action against the fundamentally unequal groups, organizations, collaborations, and departments we often find ourselves in.
- The National Organization for the Professional Advancement of Black Chemists and Chemical Engineers (NOBCChE) NOBCChE is a non-profit professional organization dedicated to assisting black and other minority students and professionals in fully realizing their potential in academic, professional, and entrepreneurial pursuits in chemistry, chemical engineering, and allied fields.
- National Association of Mathematicians The National Association of Mathematicians (NAM) is a non-profit professional organization in the mathematical sciences with membership open to all persons interested in the mission and purpose of NAM, which are promoting excellence in the mathematical sciences and promoting the mathematical development of all underrepresented minorities. NAM was founded under the principles of inclusion and diversity at a time when major American mathematical organizations were excluding mathematicians of color from their membership, editorial boards, research symposia, and other professional activities.