What are primary sources?
Primary sources are first-hand sources created at the time of a particular event or period.
- Primary source basics: a video tutorial (Gale Cengage)
- Using primary sources: questions to ask (Library of Congress)
Finding archives with sources on your topic:
Primary sources can be found online, reproduced in printed books, or in their original form in archival collections. To find out which American archives have manuscripts and records on your topic, search ArchiveGrid. See our ArchiveGrid tutorial.
Key Primary Source Databases at NU
- Northeastern University Archives and Special CollectionsRecords of Northeastern University and its surrounding communities.
- Accessible Archives (History Commons) This link opens in a new windowAccessible Archives includes diverse primary source materials reflecting broad views of United States history and culture, especially African American history and women's history and historical newspapers. The date scope focuses on the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
- Center for Research Libraries This link opens in a new windowThe Center for Research Libraries (CRL) collects and makes available important and rare collections of primary source materials, as well as thousands of foreign dissertations, historical journals, and newspapers from around the world.
- Eighteenth Century Collections Online (Gale Cengage) This link opens in a new windowSignificant English-language and foreign-language titles in the English Short Title Catalog (ESTC), printed in the United Kingdom between the years 1701 and 1800. Contains books, pamphlets, essays, and broadsides, and is full-text searchable.
- Empire Online (Adam Matthew Digital) This link opens in a new windowOriginal primary source documents relating to Empire Studies, including decolonization, from libraries and archives around the world. Diaries, images, letters, records.
- History Vault (Proquest) This link opens in a new windowPrimary source archival materials like letters, papers, photographs, scrapbooks, financial records, and diaries. NU Libraries' subscription is selective, see "more info" below.
- Roper Center Public Opinion Archives (with iPOLL) This link opens in a new windowSearch opinion polls from all over the world, using this database from Cornell University. Poll results from news organizations, governments, private foundations, academic institutions, and more. The scope of topics spans politics, culture, workplaces, and social life. 1930s to the present.
Historical Newspapers
- African Newspapers Series I (Readex/Newsbank) This link opens in a new windowCovers about 1800-1922. This collection of historical African newspapers provides coverage of the people, cultures, issues and events that shaped the continent. Themes include the first world war, Zulu Wars, settler colonialism and the rejection of Western imperialism.
- British Library Newspapers (Gale Cengage) This link opens in a new windowFacsimiles of full runs of 48 newspapers specially selected by the British Library to best represent nineteenth century Britain.
- Chinese Newspapers Collection (Proquest Historical Newspapers) This link opens in a new windowThis project was partially funded by the Institute of Museum and Library Services and administered by the Massachusetts Board of Library Commissioners.
Research Chinese political and social life during the turbulent 120 year period from 1832 to 1953 with 12 English-language Chinese historical newspapers.Full image newspapers offer searchable access to advertisements, editorials, cartoons, and classified ads. - Historical Newspapers (Proquest) This link opens in a new windowA curated selection of historical newspapers in facsimile and full text, including all titles in Historical Black Newspapers plus additional titles.
- Latin American Newspapers 1805-1922 (World Newspaper Archive) This link opens in a new windowOver 50 online and full text historic newspapers from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Guyana, Peru, and Venezuela.
- South Asia Newspapers (World Newspaper Archive) (Readex/Newsbank) This link opens in a new windowSearchable 19th and 20th century newspapers from South Asia, especially India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.