People think about disability in different ways. Disability studies scholars have outlined theories to explain how disability exists in the world. These theories are called models of disability.
As you research, you'll see scholars mention different disability models. You're unlikely to hear people mention models of disability in casual conversation. However, you will notice thinking that falls into these models.
The list below should get you started thinking about disability models. It is not exhaustive, and many models are related to each other. For more information, explore Models of Disability: Types and Definitions.