quran.com is a resource for the text of the Qur'an, with word-by-word searching, grammar, audio recitations, and interpretation into English
sunnah.com its sister site containing the six canonical sunni hadith, plus additional ones, searchable and with English translations
altafsir.com an unrelated site with a wide range of exegetical texts, chiefly in Arabic.
Student papers and manuscript preparation
Chapter 11 of the Chicago Manual of Style explains how to work with Arabic, Hebrew, Persian and Turkish languages in your publications.
The International Journal of Middle East Studies has an alternative set of rules for manuscript preparation. See also the IJMES Word List for spellings of common words from Middle Eastern languages.
For spelling vernacular words in English (from the Library of Congress):
Arabic Romanization tables (PDF)
Hebrew Romanization tables (PDF)
Persian Romanization tables (PDF)
Scholar OneSearch, the NU Library's search engine, can be used for suggested spellings in English. It includes the library's catalog of books, journals and other items, as well as articles and other citations from scholarly publishers and digital libraries.
All entries in Scholar OneSearch are Romanized. Some items in Scholar OneSearch are also available in the vernacular language, so you may type in Arabic, Hebrew, Persian, etc..
Keyboards and Typing
MacOSX: Using System Preferences--Language and Text--Input Sources. Select your preferred language.
QWERTY layout means letters you type will approximate the letters on the English keyboard ("L" will be "Lam" etc.)
See Apple OSX Support for information about controlling the direction of the text.
Windows: Using Control Panel--Region and Text--Change Keyboards--Add. Select your preferred language.
See Microsoft Windows Support for information about changing keyboards, layout, etc.
iOS: Select Settings--General--Keyboard. Arabic, Hebrew and Turkish are available. Persian is available beginning with iOS 11.
A one-stop-shop-calendar-converter allows you to convert between Gregorian, Julian common hijri, Hebrew, Persian, Baha'i, MS Excel serial days, and more. The code is open-source and available for downloading. (from John Walker of AutoDesk)
The Islamic Western Calendar Converter, from R H Gent at Utrecht University, also includes information about different versions of the hijri calendar around the world, astronomical considerations, and historical notes.
An explanation of the calendars in use in the region (PDF), current and historical, is available from the University of Chicago Center for MIddle East studies.
Also see Holiday dates, by Country