Qualitative Research attempts to make meaning through observation. This kind of research can include:
- biography
- case studies
- historical analysis
- ethnography
Quantitative Research generates numerical data from observations and measurements of sample populations. Quantitative research can include
- counting the number of times something is observed
- surveys that include likert scales and other questions
- Measuring the difference between numerical attributes of people people or things.
How can you tell what kind of research you're looking at?
First, look at the article's abstract. The abstract will often state if the article is qualitative or quantitative. If you don't see the methods listed in the abstract, look for the methods or methodology section of the article. This section will describe the how the study was conducted.
The abstract or methods section may not use the word qualitative or quantitative to describe the research. Often, researchers will use more specific terms, like case study or grounded theory. To learn more about a specific methodology, consult the SAGE Research Methods database. There, you'll learn if the methodology used in the article is considered qualitative or quantitative.