APA and Bluebook Resources
Social science disciplines often use the APA (American Psychological Association) form of citation. The resources on the APA tab above illustrate the basics of APA citation style, 7th edition.
NOTE: For complex legal citations, most style guides, including APA, defer to The Bluebook: a uniform system of citation. The preceding link directs you to the NU Law Library Guide to Bluebook citation. Other Bluebook links appear above on a separate tab.
Some materials in this section were created by staff of the Purdue OWL. This material is owned by Purdue University and the Purdue OWL. Please use this material responsibly and only in accordance with Purdue's terms and conditions of fair use.
Other links are from the American Psychological Association (APA) web pages.
- APA siteFor a quick answer, use the search tool at the top right of the screen (magnifying glass).
- APA style referencesSample citations with explanations included. Icons indicate new guidance, expanded guidance, changes from APA 6, etc.
- APA Instructional MaterialsProvides tutorials, webinars, guides, handouts, and sample papers.
- APA BlogGreat place to read about what's trending in APA style...latest post covers procedures for citing a cancelled conference paper.
- APA Style Workshop (Purdue OWL)Scroll down to the section called APA Citations and Reference List for sample citations.
For your purposes, slides 19 through 36 are most relevant.
As noted previously, APA and most other major citation styles rely on The Bluebook for complex legal citations. Here are some online guides for your use.
- Cornell University Legal Information Institute (LII)Use the links to the left of the screen to retrieve sample citations.
- Georgetown University Guide to the BluebookIncludes some helpful video tutorials.
For additional information, please check our pages on citations and bibliographies.
Your instructor will generally specify the preferred citation style for your class. Commonly used citation styles include: APA (American Psychological Association), Chicago, ASA (American Sociological Association), and MLA (Modern Language Association).
Chicago Manual of Style - 17th edition.
Turabian: A Manual for Writers - Chicago style for student writers
ASA (American Sociological Association, Quick Guide)
For tricky questions about APA style, particularly newer media like YouTube or Twitter, check out the APA Style Blog.
Harvard Citation Style - From Mendeley. The Harvard style is not associated with or supported by Harvard University. Many British universities use individual versions of the Harvard citation format. Mendeley Harvard style is used at Northeastern's London campus (NCH).
The Purdue OWL (Online Writing Lab) is an extraordinary resource for all aspects of paper writing, including citation and bibliography. The Site Map is a good place to begin.
- Chicago Manual of Style (Purdue OWL)
- APA (Purdue OWL)
- MLA (Purdue OWL)
These links used by kind permission of the Purdue Online Writing Lab.
Citation Management Software
Citation management software packages help you organize your research materials and streamline the citation process.
Library staff members support five software packages, including EndNote, Zotero, RefWorks, Mendeley and BibTeX. For detailed information about each package, training materials, and links to one-on-one help appointments, visit our main Citations and Bibliographies page.
The main page also includes a comparison chart with a quick overview of each software package's features.